![]() Alzheimer's disease develops over years and does not manifest before the brain capacity is reduced to a point where it cannot compensate for the underlying pathology anymore.īadji, Pereira et al. Hypertension does not cause Alzheimer's disease, but may reduce the brain reserves the individual needs to function as a healthy person. The brain of a person with longstanding hypertension may therefore be more vulnerable to and have less reserves to compensate for development of Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Does a significant drop in blood pressure create the brain damage, or does the brain damage create the blood pressure drop? With an increase in vascular pathology in the brain, manifestations of Alzheimer's disease can increase. However, the cause-effect relationship is still uncertain. ![]() A sudden and big SBP drop itself may be harmful to the brain. Earlier studies have indicated that the brain may adjust to the raise in pressure, but if a subsequent fall in SBP is too big, it may accelerate brain damage. The results point to the importance of treating high blood pressure early in life. However, those who had the highest blood pressure earlier were more likely to have a dementia diagnosis 10 years later. Thus, it might be “normal” to have a steady raise in SBP until the age 80 before it levels off. SBP in the group without dementia increased until 80 years before it leveled off from 80 to 90 years. Age trajectories in SBP showed that the dementia group experienced a steady increase in SBP until about 65 years of age and a decrease from 70 to 90 years. ![]() Regarding dementia subtypes, those with vascular dementia had a higher SBP than those with the Alzheimer's type of dementia at the second and third measurement. The differences at first and second measurement compared with the last measurement were especially pronounced among women. Compared to those without dementia, the participants with dementia had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the first and second measurement, but lower SBP at the last measurement. At the 4th time point, 9,720 participants in a community survey were assessed. The aim of this study was to compare trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in people with and without a diagnosis of dementia at the time of the fourth SBP measurement. have evaluated blood pressure in older people over a period of 35 years with four measurements. Hypertension is also the most important risk factor for stroke. It is well-known that blood pressure changes over time are related to age, and that high blood pressure in people aged 50–70 is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Blood and pulse pressures as risk factors Studies presented in this Research Topic suggest that hypertension might not be directly responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but that cerebrovascular damage reduces resistance to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Two manuscripts also examined the involvement of the autonomic nervous system on the heart-brain connection. The manuscripts examined the pathophysiological impacts of high blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and the influence of heart function on brain and cognition. Our goal was to provide insights into the possible psychological, social, and biological factors involved in the heart-brain interactions that can contribute to sickness and health. They complemented each other, showing the influence the cardiovascular system has on the brain. Therefore, we initiated this Research Topic which includes six original and four review papers. Conversely, the influence of the brain on the heart, especially in old age also needs to be further explored. The heart-brain axis to explain cognition, emotions, and the development of dementia remains largely unknown. ![]()
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